Many of the technical case study presentations throughout the ATMOsphere Europe 2013 conference demonstrated fruitful R&D efforts to improve the efficiency of CO₂-only refrigeration systems at higher ambient temperatures. Presentations by major CO₂ suppliers, including Carrier Commercial Refrigeration, Advansor and SCM Frigo, all indicated promising results with the use of parallel compression, ejectors and mechanical subcoolers, technology innovations used by the industry to push the “CO₂ equator” further south towards the Mediterranean.